My great-grandmother was Deluvina Jaquez.1 She
had a fascinating history, and although she died long before I was born, I came
to know her through genealogical research.
Depending on the record, the name Jaquez was spelled with an “s”
or a “z” and sometimes was spelled as Xaques. Deluvina Jaquez was christened
in the Iglesia de San Juan and married at St. Tomas de Abiquiu, both churches in
Rio Arriba County, New Mexico. She was one of the first settlers of the Conejos
area in southern Colorado. Her great-grandmother was one of the first settlers of
St. Louis, Missouri. Her mother was from the Gurule-Chavez line, and her paternal
grandmother was a Martin Serrano.
It is stated in Origins of New Mexico Families that:
“Although perhaps of French origin far back in history, this surname is very
old in Spain . . . Juan Jose Jaquez was living in Rio Arriba in 1754. Julian Jaquez
and his wife Paula Martin had a child, Maria Gertrudis, January 25, 1787. His previous
wife, Jacinta Torres was killed by Comanches prior to 1763. . . All these were,
to all appearances, descendants of Juan Jose Jaques of 1754, who in turn, came from
a prominent family at Guadalupe del Paso.”2
Juan Jose Jaquez, unmarried, was found in the 1750 Taos area census.3 He and Maria Rosa Villalpando married ca. 1750-1759, although
no record has been found.4 Maria
Rosa Villalpando was the daughter of Pablo Francisco Villalpando,
5 and her mother’s last name was “Martine.”6
Pablo Francisco Villalpando married Francisca Luxan (Lujan) on 14 May 1731 at Santa
Cruz; the date being recorded in San Juan marriage records. Francisca Lujan was
from Santa Cruz while Pablo Villalpando was from Embudo.7
This couple was in the 1750 Taos census with their children: Ana Maria, Maria,
and Pablo Villalpando, and several servants. Only nine Spanish families were enumerated
in this census, dated 12 July 1750.8 Pablo
Villalpando lived in the Taos Valley. His wife, Francisca Lujan, was killed during
the Comanche attack on 4 August 1760.9 Pablo
Francisco Villalpando married again on 29 June 1764 to Maria de la Luz Cordoba.
He was noted as being the widower of Francisca Lujan.10
On 4 August 1760, Comanches attacked the Villalpando estancia in the
Taos Valley. All the men were killed, including Juan Jose Jaquez, as were some of
the women. Pablo Villalpando was away on business at the time. The Comanches kidnapped
Maria Rosa Villalpando. She was later sold to a second tribe, and had an Indian
child. A few years later, she had a child with Jean Salé dit Lajoie, a trapper,
who eventually married her. They were among the founding citizens of St. Louis,
Missouri, and Maria Rosa Villalpando Salé lived to age 107 there.11
In The Missions of New Mexico, 1776, Domínguez described the
Comanche attack that left Juan Jose Jaquez dead and Maria Rosa Villalpando at the
mercy of Indian captors.
“Throughout the Taos valley and in the vicinity of the pueblo there are a
number of ruins of very good ranchos with many good qualities for farming. They
were abandoned in the year 1760 because on August 4 of that
year the Comanche nation, with (so it is said) a very large force of its men, attacked
the valley and, as they demonstrated by over running the whole region in a number
of troops, their intention was to finish the pueblo and the aforesaid ranchos to
avenge the fact that two months earlier they had danced under their eyes with twenty-four
scalps of their people . . . But all the fury broke out at the house of one Pablo
Pando (he was away; his family and property were all lost), which stood in the middle
of the plain. There, then, was the brunt of the
battle, which lasted most of the day because of the great resistance only seven
men offered with bullets to more than three thousand heathens. The latter finally
had recourse to opening breaches in the walls. Through them they won the house,
killed those seven men (who had killed more than a hundred Indians, some inside
and some outside) who had put up such great resistance. After taking the house and
killing them, they killed a number of women, who had fought like men . . . They
sacked the house and set fire to it. They went off and
took more than fifty captives with them (many have now returned), leaving seventeen
Christians dead and the farms for the most part destroyed.”
12
After living as an Indian captive for many years, Maria Rosa Villalpando married
Jean Salé dit Lajoie on 3 July 1770 in the newly established village of St.
Louis.13 Their children were christened
in the St. Louis King of France Parish, in the St. Louis District of Missouri.
“When Pierre Liguest Laclede and his First Lieutenant Auguste Chouteau founded
the City of St. Louis in 1764, Laclede dedicated the square just west of where he
built his home, for church and graveyard purposes. The first Catholic Church in
St. Louis, built on this site, was a small log house built in 1770. St. Louis IX,
King of France, is the Patron Saint of the City and of the Church. In 1776, the
mission of St. Louis became a canonical parish and the second log cabin church was
built.” 14
In the Annals of St. Louis, Jean Salé dit Lajoie was mentioned
as one of the founders of that city. He was born about 1741. The “dit”
in his name is akin to “also known as.” Information from the Salé-Villalpando
marriage document indicated he was a
“voyageur” from the port of St. Louis, that he was Spanish, and a native
of the parish of “St. Pierre des Landes” in Santes, Santouge, France.
His parents were Jacques Salé and Jeanne Lupeau.15
Jean Salé
“came to St. Louis in 1764 in the boat with Chouteau (founder of St. Louis)
and was married to Marie Rose Vidalpano, born at Taos, New Mexico, July 3, 1770
. . . Helene Lerou, married Capt. Jas. Lafferty, in 1827, August 27 . . . Marie
Rose V. Salle, died on July 27, 1830, at the house of her daughter, Mrs. Lerou,
on Elm Street, between Fourth and Fifth, at the remarkable age of one hundred and
seven years, and Mrs. Lerou in 1854 at the age of eighty one."16
Helene Lerou, born in 1803, and who married Captain James Lafferty on 27 August
1827, was actually Maria Rose Villalpando’s granddaughter, the daughter of
Helene Salé Leroux and Benjamin Leroux.17
On 3 August 1830, the Missouri Republican reported the death of Maríe
Rose Villalpando Salé:
“DIED, On Tuesday
last, in this city, Mrs. Lajoie, aged 107 years.”
- The same information was also reported in the St. Louis Beacon
on 5 August 1830 including the death date.18 The
known children of Jean Salé dit Lajoie and Maria Rosa (Marie Rose) Villalpando
were:
-
i. Lambert Salé dit LaJoie, born 12 November 1768 19
in St. Louis.
ii. Pierre Salé dit LaJoie, born 21 July 1771 20
in St. Louis.
iii. Marie Josephe Salé dit LaJoie, born 11 August 1773
21 in St. Louis.
iv. Helene Salé dit LaJoie, born 11 August 1773 in St. Louis; married Benjamin
Leroux22 on 7 January 1792 at the St.Louis King of
France Parish, St. Louis, Missouri Territory.
- v. Antoine Xavier
Salé dit LaJoie,23 christened 18 July 1776.
Jose Julian was the son of Juan Jose Jaquez and Maria Rosa Villalpando. He was
born ca. 1758 at the Villalpando estancia at Taos. It is not known who raised him
after the Comanche raid in which Jose’s father was killed and his mother captured.
In Origins of New Mexico Families, Chávez indicated Jose Julian
Jaquez was first married to Jacinta Torres.24 Jose
Julian Jaquez and Maria Paula Martin were married sometime before 1784 and had a
large family. Maria Paula Martin, was christened 26 January 1766 at the Iglesia
de San Juan.25 She was the daughter of Pedro
Antonio Martin and Maria Gregoria Olaya Tapia.
The known children of Jose Julian Jaquez and Maria Paula Martin were:
i. Juan Manuel Jaquez, baptized 6 February 1784;26 married Maria Biviana Valdes27
on 2 January 1812; died before 22 September 1822.28
ii. Maria Gertrudis Jaquez, baptized 25 January 1787;29 married Jose Bernardo Torres ca. 1821.30
iii. Juan de Jesus Jaquez, baptized 6 April 1788;31 married Maria Josefa Trujillo on 8 April 1812.32
iv. Felipe de Jesus Jaquez, baptized 25 March 178933 at San Juan de los Caballeros; married Maria Micaela
Chavez on 27 April 181234 at Abiquiu; died
ca. 20 October 187335 at Conejos, Colorado.
v. Maria Manuela Jaquez, baptized 17 October 1790;36 married Jose Vicente Roybal after 14 June 1811.37
vi. Pacifica Jaquez, baptized 3 June 1792;38
married Tomas Rafael Valdes ca.1825.39
vii. Manuel Benancio de los Dolores Jaquez, baptized
4 April 1794.40
viii. Phelipe de Jesus Jaquez, baptized 20 September
1795.41
ix. Maria Ysabel Jaquez, baptized 16 April 1797;42 married Eusebio Duran y Chavez 20 January 1813.43
Two sons named Felipe de Jesus caused some confusion in the research. Often,
if there are two children with the same name, it means that the first child died.
However, records show that both Felipes went on to live long lives.
In the 1790 census of San Juan, Jose Julian Jaquez was age 32, Spanish, and
a farmer. His wife, Paula Martin, was age 25 and also Spanish. They had three sons,
ages 6, 2, and 1, and one daughter, age 4. These ages match well with their first
four children. 44 Maria Paula Martin’s
death was recorded 9 July 1798 in the San Juan church records.45
In a prenuptial investigation dated 14 June 1811, Manuela Jaquez petitioned
to marry Jose Vicente Roybal. Manuela said she was under the care of her unmarried
brothers, and that her father had been absent for about ten years. Jose Vicente
Roybal said he would be able to support her properly.46
Two Jaquez siblings married two Duran y Chavez siblings: Felipe de Jesus Jaquez
and Micaela Chavez; Ysabel Jaquez and Eusebio Duran y Chavez.
Jose Julian Jaquez married Maria Francisca Pacheco after July 1798. They added
two more daughters to the family. Maria Natividad Jaquez was born on Christmas Day
and christened 29 December 1799;47 and Maria Dolores
Jaquez was christened 21 August 1801.48 Sometime
in the summer of 1803, Jose Julian reached St. Louis to visit his mother.
“Travel between St. Louis and New Mexico was both arduous and dangerous in
those years and would not have been undertaken as a lark. Commerce and contact between
the two settlements was virtually non- existent, and one can only guess at the manner
by which Jacques learned his mother was alive and well in St. Louis.” 49
An agreement was signed by Jose Julian Jaquez, his mother, and his half-sister,
Helene Salé Leroux, on 3 August 1803 to settle his inheritance. Jose Julian
gave up his share of his mother’s estate to his half- sister and received
200 pesos.
“This document is the only record that any children were born to Marie
Rose and her first husband, and the absence of mention of any siblings of Jacques
certainly gives good cause to believe he was the only child of that marriage.”50
__________________________________________
The remainder of this article will continue to be posted
online at the earliest opportunity. Its interesting story and thorough documentation
continues through 111 footnotes. A copy of the quarterly journal (issue 44:1, March
2005) may be ordered at nmg-ord.htm.
About the author: Carmalee Gallegos Owen is a NMGS member living
in St. George, Utah. She has actively been researching northern New Mexico families
for over twenty years, including the surnames Gallegos, Romero, Miera, Jaques, Martin,
Montoya, Fernandez, Mondragon and Cordova. She is married and has two children and
a dog. Carmalee can be reached at bcldowen@charter.net.
Footnotes:
1. Deluvina Jaquez Gallegos,
Juan Francisco Gallegos, Florentino Gallegos, Joe E. Gallegos, Carmalee Gallegos
Owen.
2. Fray Angelico Chavez. Origins of New Mexico Families: A Genealogy
of the Spanish Colonial Period, revised edition (Santa Fe: Museum of New
Mexico Press, 1992), 198. [Hereafter referred to as ONMF.]
3. Virginia Langham Olmsted, Spanish and Mexican Censuses of New
Mexico, 1750 to 1830 (Albuquerque: New Mexico Genealogical Society, Inc.,
1981), 47. Name recorded as Joseph Xaques. [Hereafter referred to as 1750 to 1830.]
4. Jack B. Tykal, "Taos to St. Louis: The Journey of Maria
Rosa Villalpando," New Mexico Historical Review 65 (April 1990): 166.
[Hereafter referred to as Tykal, "Taos to St. Louis."]
5. Pablo Francisco Villalpando was the son of Juan de
Villa El Pando and Ana Maria Romero. The prenuptial investigation for Juan and Ana
Maria was dated 2 January 1694. See Fray Angelico Chavez, New Mexico Roots,
Ltd.: a demographic perspective from genealogical historical and geographic data
found in the Diligencias Matrimoniales or Pre-Nuptial Investigations (1678-1869)
of the Archives of the Archdiocese of Santa Fe, 11 volumes (Santa Fe: privately
printed, 1982), 11: 2135. [Hereafter referred as DM.] He was a Santa Fe Presidio
soldier. They were married 10 January 1694. Juan de Villa El Pando was dead by 1718;
his widow, Ana Maria Romero, was known as "La Panda." Juan's parents were
Juan de Villa el Pando and Ursula de Olaes. Ana Maria Romero's parents were Alonso
Romero and Maria de Tapia, both natives of New Mexico. See also Chavez,
ONMF, 312.
6. Tykal, "Taos to St. Louis," 165. I think
the name "Martine" is a last name rather than first name, a Spanish pronunciation
of Martin, and the scribe wrote it as pronounced.
7. Margaret Leonard Windham and Evelyn Lujan Baca, compilers;
M. Eloise Arellanes, extractor, New Mexico Marriages, Church of San Juan Puebleo
1726-1776, 1831-1855 and Church in Santa Clara Pueblo 1726-1832 (Albuquerque:
New Mexico Genealogical Society, 1998), 2. [Hereafter referred to as San Juan Marriages.]
8. Olmsted, 1750 to 1830, 47.
9. Francisco Atanasio Dominguez, The Missions of New Mexico, 1776:
A Description, With Other Contemporary Documents, translated and annotated
by Eleanor B. Adams and Angelico Chavez (Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press,
1956), 251. [Hereafter referred to as Missions of New Mexico.]
10. Windham, San Juan Marriages, 12.
11. Margaret Buxton, "A Chavez Line for Vic Chavez of Wichita,
Kansas, Herencia 6 (January 1998): 10.
12. Dominguez, Missions of New Mexico, 251.
13. Tykal, "Taos to St. Louis," 170. See also Earl
Fischer Database, online
http://stlgs.org/efdb/d486.htm#P3853, downloaded 25 February 2004.
14. The Catholic Community Forum, "History of the Old Cathedral,"
online www.catholic-forum.com/stlouisking/history.html,
downloaded 25 February 2004.
15. Marriage contract between Jean Salle and Marie Rose Videlpane,
3 July 1770, instrument no. 2023, St. Louis Archives, Missouri Historical Society,
St. Louis; translation by Carolyn Soniat du Fossat.
16. Frederic Louis Billon, compiler, Annals of St. Louis in its
early days under the French and Spanish dominations (1886; reprint, Bowie,
Maryland: Heritage Books, 1997), 426.
17. Earl Fischer Database, online
http://stlgs.org/efdb/d329.htm#P3849, Helene Leroux information downloaded
28 February 2004. Database indicates 13 August 1827 as marriage date.
18. Mrs. Lajoie death notice, Missouri Republican, St.
Louis, Missouri, 3 August 1839, page 3, column 4; and St. Louis Beacon,
St. Louis, Missouri, 5 August 1830, page 3, column 4.
19. Earl Fischer Database, online
http://stlgs.org/efdb/d486.htm#P13873, Lambert Salé dit Lajoie information
downloaded 28 February 2004. Lambert's adopted daughter, Marie, married Etienne
Provost, famous trapper and explorer.
20. Earl Fischer Database, online
http://stlgs.org/efdb/d486.htm#P14204, Pierre Salé dit Lajoie information
downloaded 28 February 2004.
21. Earl Fischer Database, online
http://stlgs.org/efdb/d486.htm#P14205, Marie Josephe Salé dit Lajoie
information downloaded 28 February 2004.
22. Earl Fischer Database, online
http://stlgs.org/efdb/d486.htm#P3846, Helene Salé dit Lajoie information
downloaded 28 February 2004. Children of Helene Salé dit Lajoie and Benjamin
Leroux were Watkins Leroux, Marie Lajoie Gregoire Leroux, Sylvestre Leroux, and
Helene Leroux. See also The Catholic Community Forum, "History of
the Old Cathedral," online
www.catholic-forum.com/stlouisking/history.html.
23. Earl Fischer Database, online
http://stlgs.org/efdb/d486.htmP22400, Antoine Xavier Salé dit Lajoie
information downloaded 28 February 2004. According to Tykal, this is the Indian
son born to Villalpando during captivity and ws older than Lambert.
24. Chávez, ONMF, 198.
25. Maria Paula Martin entry, 26 January 1766, in Baptismal
1726-1774, Book 27: 264, entry 5, San Juan de los Caballeros Catholic Church (Rio
Arriba County), New Mexico: microfilm no. 16981, Family History Library [FHL], Salt
Lake City, Utah.
25. Maria Paula Martin entry, 26 January 1766, in Baptismal
1726-1774, Book 27: 264, entry 5, San Juan de los Caballeros Catholic Church (Rio
Arriba County), New Mexico: microfilm no. 16981, Family History Library [FHL], Salt
Lake City, Utah.
26. Margaret Leonard Windham and Evelyn Lujan Baca,
compilers; Virginia Langham Olmsted and Evelyn Lujan Baca, extractors, New Mexico
Baptisms, Church of Santo Tomas de Abiquiu, 3 volumes (Albuquerque: New
Mexico Genealogical Society [NMGS], 2000), 1:57 [Hereafter referred to as Abiquiu
Baptisms.]
27. Margaret Leonard Windham and Evelyn Lujan Baca,
compilers; M. Arellanes, extractor, New Mexico Marriages, Church of Santo Tomas
de Abiquiu, 1756-1826 (NMGS, 1997), 47. [Hereafter referred to as Abiquiu Marriages.]
28. Juan Manuel Jaquez entry, 22 Septemper 1822, Burials
28: 147, entry 7, San Juan de los Caballeros Catholic Church (Rio Arriba County),
New Mexico: microfilm no. 16982. FHL, Salt Lake City, Utah. See also Abiquiu Marriages,
81. Maria Viviana Valdes, widow of Juan Manuel Xaques, Married Francisco Valdes.
29. Maria Gertrudis Jaquez entry, 25 January 1787,
in Baptismal 1774-1798, Book 42: 152, entry 3, San Juan de Mexico: microfilm 16981,
FHL.
30. Windham, Abiquiu Baptisms, 2: 11, 34,
and 64.
31. Juan de Jesus Jaquez entry, 6 April 1788, in Baptismal
1774-1798, Book 42: 168, entry 4, San Jusn de los Caballeros Catholic Church (Rio
Arria County), New Mexico: microfilm 16981, FHL.
32. Windham, Abiquiu Marriages, 51.
33. Felipe de Jesus Jaquez entry, 25 March 1789, in
Baptismal 1774-1798, Book 42: 178, entry 4, San Juan de los Cabaleros Catholic Church
(Rio Arriba County), New Mexico: microfilm 16981, FHL.
34. Windham, Abiquiu Marriages, 47.
35. Felipe Jaques entry, 20 October 1873, in Entierros,
Enero 1860-Enero 1897, Book 1: no page entry 2, La Parioquia de Nuestra Seora de
Guadalupe Conejos, Colorado: microfilm 2695, FHL. See also Karen Bonds Mitchell,
extractor and compiler, and Jack Geiser, tpest, Our Lady of Guadalupe Church, Conejos,
Colorado Death Records, 1860-1897 (Commerce City, Colorado: privately printed,
1988), 10. [ Hereafter referred to as Colorado Deaths.]
36. Maria Manuela Jaquez entry, 17 October 1790, in
Baptismal 1774-1798 42: 195, entry 5, San Juan de los Caballeros Church (Rio Arriba
County), New Mexico Microfilm 16981, FHL.
37. Rick Hendricks, editor, and John B Colligan, compiler,
New Mexico Prenuptial Investigations from the Ardchivos Historicos del Arzobispado
de Durango, 1800-1893 (Las Cruces, NM: Rio Grande Histórical Collections,
NM State University Library, 2000), 88 [Hereafter referreed to as Prenuptial Investigations.]
38. Pacifica Jaquez entry, 3 June 1792, in Baptimal
1774-1798, Book 42: 211, entry 7 San Juan de los Caballeros Catholic Church (Rio
Arriba County), NM: microfilm 16981, FHL.
39. Windham, Abiquiu Marriages, 1 :63.
40. Manuel Benancio de los Dolores Jaquez entry, 4
April 1794, n Baptismal 1774-1798, Book 42: 231, entry 3, San Juan de los Caballeros
Catholic Churcdh (Ro Arriba County), NM: microfilm 16981, FHL.
41 Phelipe de Jesus Jaquez entry, 20 September 1795
in Baptismal 1774-1798, Book 42: 256, entry 1 San Juan de los Caballeros Catholic
Church (Rio Arriba County), NM: microfilm 16981, FHL.
42. Maria Ysabel Jaquez entry, 16 April 1797, in Baptismal
1774-1798, Book 42: 279, entry 3, San Juan de los Caballeros Catholic Church (Rio
Arriba County), NM microfilm 16981, FHL.
43. Windham, Abiquiu Marriages, 49.
44. Virginia Langham Olmsted, translator and compiler,
New Mexico Spanish and Mexican Colonial Censuses 1790, 1823, 1845 (NMGS,
1975), 110. [Hereafter referred to as 1790 census.)
45. Maria Paula Martin entry, 9 July 1798, in Burials
June 29, 1776 to August 19, 1826, Book 28: no page number, entry 3, San Juan de
los Cabaleros Catholic Church (Rio Arriba County), NM microfilm 16982, FHL.
46. Hendricks, Prenuptial Investigations,
88.
47. Maria Natividad Jaquez entry, 29 December 1799,
in Baptismal 1799-1820, Book 28: 10, entry 2, San Juan de los Caballeros Catholic
Church (Rio Ariba County), NM: microfilm 16981, FHL.
48. Maria Dolores Jaquez entry, 21 August 1801, in
Baptismal 1799-1820, Book 28: 21, entry 5, San Juan de los Caballeros Catholic Church
(Rio Arriba County), NM: microfilm 16981, FHL.
49. Tukal, "Taos to St. Louis," 171.
50. Ibid.
, 172.
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